NASAL GEL AS PROMISING MUCOSAL DRUG DELIVERY
*Vivekanand Kashid, Vikrant Nikam, Sachin Gaikwad, Manoj Mahale, Vijay Wagh and Sanjay Chaudhari
ABSTRACT
Nasal drug administration has been used as an alternative route for the
systemic availability of drugs restricted to intravenous administration.
This is due to the large surface area, porous endothelial membrane,
high total blood flow, the avoidance of first-pass metabolism, high
permeability of some drugs in nasal epithelium, quick drug absorption
across this membrane, rapid onset of action, improved patient
compliance and comfort, sustained and prolonged action in comparison
to other drug delivery systems. In-situ gel is a novel dosage form for
nasal delivery of various drugs. The nasal administration of drugs,
including numerous compound, peptide and protein drugs, for systemic
medication has been widely investigated in recent years. Drugs are
cleared rapidly from the nasal cavity after intranasal administration,
resulting in rapid systemic drug absorption. It is infusing into the nasal cavity as low viscous
solution and after sometime it forms gel when it contact with the nasal mucosa. The
formation of gel depends on factors like temperature modulation, pH change, presence of
ions, ultra violet irradiation, polymorphism, dissolution rate, solubility, viscosity and
osmolarity. The review was focused on anatomy and physiology of nose, advantages,
disadvantages, mechanism of drug delivery to the nose, types of dosage form for nasal
delivery, barriers in nasal drug delivery, factors influencing nasal absorption, mucoadhesive
polymer used in nasal drug delivery system and evaluation of in-situ gel nasal drug delivery
system. These drug delivery systems have the ability to control the rate of drug clearance from the nasal cavity as well as protect the drug from enzymatic degradation in nasal
secretions.
Keywords: In-situ gel, nose, bioavailability, first pass metabolism.
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