Abstract

A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON HYPERTENSION: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY DIAGNOSIS MANAGEMENT

Miss. Supriya Bansode*

Abstract

Systemic arterial hypertension is considered the leading adjustable risk factor contributing to global illness and death, especially because of its strong link to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). A large portion of individuals living with hypertension remain undiagnosed, and many who are diagnosed either do not receive treatment or are not adequately managed Effective control of blood pressure significantly lowers the worldwide burden of disease and reduces mortality rates. The development of hypertension results from a multifactorial interaction between environmental influences, genetic susceptibility, and various pathophysiological mechanisms involving multiple organs and systems. Proper clinical evaluation of a hypertensive patient requires accurate and standardized blood pressure measurement, assessment of the patient's estimated risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, screening for target organ damage, identification of possible secondary hypertension, and evaluation of associated conditions such as cardiovascular and kidney disorders. Adopting lifestyle modifications, such as healthy dietary habits and regular physical activity, plays a crucial role in reducing blood pressure and preventing the onset of hypertension and its cardiovascular complications. Drug therapy is also highly effective in controlling blood pressure and decreasing the risk of CVD in most patients Commonly recommended first-line antihypertensive drugs include angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, and thiazide diuretics.

Keywords: Target Blood Pressure; Antihypertensive Drugs Therapy, Renal Denervation; Systemic Arterial hypertension renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.