Abstract

AN OVERVIEW OF DIAGNOSTIC PRINCIPLES IN AYURVEDA

*Dr. Mohini Chandrakant Gosavi

Abstract

Diagnosis is a fundamental component of clinical practice, directly influencing treatment outcomes and disease prognosis. Ayurveda presents a unique, holistic, and individualized approach to diagnosis that extends beyond disease identification to include assessment of the patient’s constitution (Prakriti), strength (Bala), and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. The present article aims to systematically compile and explain the core principles of Ayurvedic diagnosis for contemporary understanding and clinical application. Central to Ayurvedic diagnosis is the concept of Tridosha—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha—whose imbalance is considered the primary cause of disease. Diagnostic evaluation focuses on identifying the nature, extent, and state of vitiated Doshas along with their interaction with Dushya (tissues), Adhisthana (site), and Srotas (body channels). The framework of Nidana Panchaka— comprising Nidana (etiology), Purvarupa (prodromal features), Rupa (clinical manifestations), Upashaya (therapeutic tests), and Samprapti (pathogenesis)—provides a structured and sequential approach to disease assessment. In addition, Dashavidha Atura Pariksha offers a comprehensive evaluation of patient-specific factors such as Prakriti, Sara, Samhanana, Satva, and Ahara Shakti, which are essential for determining prognosis and planning individualized treatment. The application of Pramana (means of valid knowledge), including Pratyaksha, Anumana, Aptopadesha, and Yukti, further strengthens diagnostic accuracy and clinical reasoning. This integrative diagnostic approach, combining disease-oriented (Vyadhi Pariksha) and patient-oriented (Atura Pariksha) assessments, enables precise understanding of disease processes and supports the formulation of rational, personalized therapeutic strategies. Thus, Ayurvedic diagnosis remains a comprehensive and clinically relevant system for effective healthcare delivery.

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