Abstract

PHARMACOLOGICAL ANTICANCER DRUGS: CURRENT ADVANCES AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

Prof. Dr. Paul MC Grath Pharm. D.*, Prof. P. S. Farhana M. Pharm*, J. Jelsiya*, Raseiya Ashifa*, S. David Samuvel*, G. Yogeshwaran*, G. Suganthan*, R. Indumathi*, L. Shenbagaprabha*, M. Mathubala*, M. Venisha*

Abstract

Cancer treatment has changed considerably over the years, moving from conventional chemotherapy to more selective and mechanism-based therapies. This review focuses on the pharmacological mechanisms of major anticancer drugs and the recent developments that have contributed to the progress of modern cancer treatment. Conventional drugs, including DNAinteracting agents, antimetabolites, and anti-tubulin agents, work by damaging genetic material, interfering with DNA synthesis, or preventing normal cell division. Hormonal therapies and targeted drugs act on specific receptors, enzymes, and signaling pathways that are involved in the growth and survival of cancer cells. Recent developments in monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and CAR T-cell therapy have further broadened the available treatment options. The review also discusses newer approaches such as nanomedicine, personalized oncology, genomic profiling, and artificial intelligence, which may help improve drug delivery and make treatment more precise.

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