Abstract

FROM PUSTA TO PLASTINATION: EVOLUTION OF ANATOMICAL TEACHING MODELS

Dr. Simran*, Dr. Sachin Sharma

Abstract

Background: Anatomical education has evolved from early simulation-based training methods to advanced preservation techniques that improve accessibility, durability, and educational effectiveness. Classical Ayurvedic literature describes Pusta (dummy models) as teaching aids for repeated surgical and obstetric practice, while Western medicine later developed artificial anatomical models to overcome ethical and practical limitations associated with cadaveric dissection. Plastination represents a significant advancement in this historical continuum by preserving authentic human tissues for long-term educational use. Objective: To examine plastination as a modern teaching model in anatomy by comparing its educational role with the simulation-based learning approach of Pusta and the historical evolution of Western anatomical models. Methods: A narrative review was conducted using classical Ayurvedic texts, historical literature on Western anatomical models, and contemporary evidence on plastination in anatomical education. The analysis focused on educational purpose, material selection, anatomical fidelity, durability, and learner engagement. Results: Classical texts describe Pusta as models constructed from materials such as cloth, leather, clay, wood, and metal to facilitate repeated practice of surgical procedures and obstetric manipulations. Contemporary evidence indicates that plastinated specimens preserve three-dimensional anatomical relationships while providing durable, odorless, and reusable teaching resources. Studies further demonstrate that plastinated specimens improve visualization of complex anatomical structures, enhance spatial understanding, and provide safe, accessible learning environments that complement traditional cadaveric teaching. Conclusion: Plastination represents the technological maturation of simulation-based anatomical education. When viewed alongside Pusta and historical Western anatomical models, it demonstrates that the fundamental educational principles of repeated practice, ethical resource utilization, and anatomical understanding have remained consistent while preservation materials and teaching technologies have progressively evolved.

Keywords: Plastination, Anatomical Education, Simulation - Based Learning, Pusta, Anatomical Models, Medical Education.