Abstract

HYPERKALEMIA: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF MECHANISMS, RISK FACTORS, AND MANAGEMENT APPROACHES

Mr. Sujit S. Karande*, Ms. Rajnandini C. Koshti, Mr. Ayush A. Shendage, Mr. Shriram G. Kumbhar, Ms. Swati S. Dabhole, Ms. Aditi S. Haval

Abstract

A clinically relevant disorder that can result in potentially fatal heart consequences is hyperkalemia. Patients with chronic kidney illness, kidney transplant recipients, and those using drugs that upset potassium homeostasis are frequently affected. Hormonal imbalances, transcellular potassium changes, and reduced renal potassium excretion are the causes of the illness. A significant contributing factor is drug-induced hyperkalemia, especially with calcineurin inhibitors, RAAS inhibitors, potassium-sparing diuretics, and treatments including trimethoprim. To avoid major consequences, early detection and proper treatment are crucial. This includes stabilizing cardiac membranes, redistributing potassium, and eliminating excess potassium.

Keywords: Hyperkalemia; Drug-induced hyperkalemia; Chronic kidney disease; Kidney transplantation; Potassium homeostasis; RAAS inhibitors; Management.