Abstract

ROLE OF FENTON REACTION IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF VATAVYADHI-CONCEPTUAL STUDY

Sahana S. M.*, Dr. Kiran M. Goud, Dr. Supreeth M. J.

Abstract

In Ayurveda, Vatavyadhi represents a vast spectrum of eighty or more neurological and musculoskeletal disorders caused by the vitiation of Vata dosha. Modern medicine identifies oxidative stress specifically the production of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals via the Fenton reaction as a primary driver of similar degenerative and inflammatory pathologies. Objective: This review aims to bridge Ayurvedic pathology with contemporary biochemistry by analyzing how the Fenton reaction and its lipid peroxidation by-products, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), correlate with the two primary mechanisms of Vatavyadhi: Dhatukshaya (tissue depletion) and Margavarodha (pathological obstruction). Methodology: A conceptual integrative approach was conducted using classical Ayurvedic texts (Charaka Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya) and modern biomedical literature focusing on Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and transition metal catalysis. Results: Dhatukshayajanya Vatavyadhi correlates with MDA-mediated lipid peroxidation. The loss of Snigdha guna (unctuousness/lipids) and subsequent tissue atrophy mirrors the destruction of membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Margavarodhajanya Vatavyadhi correlates with 4-HNE-mediated signaling. Theaccumulation of morbid tissues (Kapha, Pitta, Ama) creates an inflammatory environment that generates 4-HNE, leading to protein adducts that obstruct cellular signal transduction, mirroring the Ayurvedic concept of Avarana. Conclusion: The Fenton reaction serves as a unifying biochemical initiator for Vatavyadhi. Understanding these molecular pathways provides a scientific basis for the degenerative and obstructive manifestations of Vata disorders, potentially guiding more targeted integrative therapeutic approaches.

Keywords: oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, 4-HNE, MDA, Fenton reaction, Dhatukshaya, Margavarodha.