Abstract

FROM OCEAN TO OVARY: MARINE BIOACTIVE-BASED MUCOADHESIVE IN-SITU GEL AS A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY FOR PCOS

Sadhana Goswami, J. Anbu*, Sruthi S., Sneha S.

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), is among the most common hormonal and metabolic disorders in women of childbearing age. This condition is marked by hormonal imbalance, resistance to insulin, ongoing inflammation, and oxidative stress. Traditional medical treatments, such as insulin sensitizers and hormone therapies, mainly aim to alleviate symptoms and can lead to various systemic side effects, limited effectiveness, and low patient adherence. As a result, there is a growing interest in alternative treatment methods that address multiple underlying issues at once. Oceanic habitats hold a wealth of unique bioactive substances, including polysaccharides, carotenoids, peptides, and polyphenols, many of which offer antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic benefits that can aid in managing PCOS. Nevertheless, the use of these substances in clinical settings is often restricted due to their poor stability and bioavailability. Mucoadhesive in-situ gel systems have been recognized as effective drug delivery methods that can ensure localized, sustained, and controlled release of medication, while also improving mucosal attachment and reducing overall systemic impact. This narrative review examines the underlying mechanisms and treatment targets of PCOS, evaluates the therapeutic potential of marine-derived bioactive substances, and considers the advantages of mucoadhesive in-situ gel formulations for enhancing drug delivery. Combining marine pharmacology with innovative biomaterial-based delivery techniques may provide a new, focused, and patient-friendly approach for effectively managing PCOS.

Keywords: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), Marine Bioactives, Mucoadhesive In-Situ Gel, Marine-Derived Polymers, Chitosan, Alginate, Carrageenan, Intravaginal Drug Delivery, Controlled Drug Release, Oxidative Stress, Insulin Resistance, Anti-inflammatory Therapy.