Abstract

PREECLAMPSIA: RISK FACTORS, COMPLICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT

A. Prithi, Adireddy Deepika Reddy*, Y. Sowmya Deepthi and Reddy Ramyalata Venkatesh

Abstract

Introduction: Preeclampsia is characterized by high blood pressure (hypertension), fluid retention (edema) and excessive protein levels in the urine (proteinuria).Preeclampsia is the most common serious pregnancy complication, affecting 4-8% of all pregnancies. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that Preeclampsia is directly responsible for 10% of direct maternal mortality in Asia. Aim: To evaluate risk factors, complications and management of Preeclampsia. Methodology: A prospective observational study on Preeclampsia- its risk factors, complications and management was performed for 6 months duration in In-patient department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Results: 100 Preeclampsia cases were collected, analysed and results were obtained. Preeclampsia was more prevalent in the age group 21-22 years (24%) followed by 25-26years (22%) and 43% of patients were diagnosed with Severe Preeclampsia followed by 17% with Preeclampsia. Predominant risk factor is First Pregnancy (46%), followed by with Hypothyroidism (18%). Predominant complication is Fetal Death (28%), followed by eclampsia (24%). Nifedipine is the most effective drug for management of Preeclampsia and Magnesium sulfate is used is in combination with Nifedipine in severe conditions. Conclusion: Preeclampsia was more prevalent in age group between 21-24yrs and predominant risk factor was found to be first pregnancy. The major complication is fetal death and effective treatment options are Nifedipine and Magnesium sulfate.

Keywords: Preeclampsia, eclampsia, hypertension in pregnancy.