Abstract

AN OVERVIEW ON DIABETES AND ITS MANAGEMENT

Naseha Batul*, S. K. Gupta and Sujeet Jha

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a melancholic disease worldwide with increasing incidence as time passes. Diabetes also accompanies macro-vascular and micro-vascular complications which are due to poorly controlled postprandial hyperglycemia. Prevention appears to be a significant strategy to decrease the affliction of disease. Along with inculcating healthy lifestyle practices across populations, it may be suitable to practice protective pharmacotherapy in those with pre-diabetes and/or other risk factors like obesity, hypertension etc. This review article highlights the old and new approaches to the treatment of diabetes mellitus such as diet modification, oral hypoglycemic medications and also the technologies used in the management of diabetes. A lot of anti-diabetic drugs are currently available, usually, metformin is the first line drug. Other drugs such as sulfonylureas and glinides, pioglitazone, thiazolidinediones, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, DPP-4 inhibitors, glucagonlike peptide 1- receptor agonist. This review describes the development, prevention and management of diabetes and its complications and suggests practical, evidence-based guidance for their optimal use. This article also aims to summarize the updated recommendations in the diagnosis and management of DM.

Keywords: Diabetes, Management, Diagnosis, Pathogenesis.