Abstract

A REVIEW: HOST TARGETS AND THE VIRAL TRIGGER- A BASIS TO CONTROL FOR THE TRANSMISSION AND SEVERITY OF ZOONOTIC COVID-19

Tarun Kumar Das Gupta, Pooja Jaiswal and Kajal Gupta*

Abstract

Coronaviruses are one type of zoonotic viruses originated mainly from Bat harbor. It includes Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARSCOV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-COV). The severity of affecting mass population by SARS-COV-2 depends on the power of transmission and potency of its multiplication in the host, because for this reason WHO has designated ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 a public health emergency of international concern. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2(SARS-COV-2) was originated from Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei province, China, in December 2019 and has since spread globally. The rapid transmission of the virus is due to close contact responsible for global pandemic events which cause socio-economic disruption including the largest global recession in history. SARS-COV-2 is a single-stranded RNA enveloped virus. This virus has a spike protein that has an affinity for the ACE-2 receptor present in the lungs. ACE-2 receptor is responsible for the entry of SARS-COV-2 in a massive way to increase virus load initially in the human body. The virus is primarily spread between people through close contacts and via respiratory droplets produced from cough or sneezes within a range of about 1.8 meters or 6 feet indirect contact via contaminated surfaces is another possible cause for contamination. After entering to host cell SARS-COV- 2 generates initial vital proteins. This step served as the next level complication to disease. The viral polyprotein which is synthesized that encode for replicate transcriptase complex. Various biological targets have been identified in this review. This review may serve an insight into the scientists to develop a new chemical entity for such a target to control the pandemic nature of SARS-COV-2.

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