Abstract

MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA IN CLINICAL SAMPLES, SUBJECT REVIEW

Riad A. Dellol and Alaa S. Hamzah*

Abstract

The organism is able to multiply in various water sources such as seawater, rivers water, and even bottled water. In addition to, it’s highly resistance to several antibiotics and disinfectants. Drug resistant bacteria which are known as super bugs are challenging worldwide problems as they increase the costs of hospitalization, uses of highly toxic drugs and may associated with high mortality rate. Multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA) is one of the most important drug resistant strains. This review handling the frequency of MDRPA, risk factors and resistance mechanisms associated with MDRPA. It’s naturally known that P. aeruginosa express a high resistant manner, this attributed to loss of membrane permeability, efflux pumping of the antimicrobial agents and acquired resistant through acquisition of resistance genes in addition to its virulence factors which contribute to the resistance mechanisms. P. aeruginosa possesses several virulence factors which aid in its pathogenicity and resistance to antimicrobial agents. It is a mechanism of bacterial “cell-tocell” communication via diffusible chemical compounds. A critical number of bacteria (the quorum) are required to produce a sufficient amount of a secreted signal molecule (termed an autoinducer) to trigger expression of a large regulon. Quorum sensing is known to control a number of bacterial genes. More than 300genes are regulated during quorum sensing in P. aeruginosa.

Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Multidrug resistance, Clinical sources.