Abstract

HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION: A REVIEW

Sumayya A. R., Lakshmi Krishna, Prashob G. R. and Soumya R. V.*

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori is a gram negative spiral shaped bacterium found in digestive tract and may be present in more than half of the world population. H.pylori is associated with the development of gastrointestinal disease such as peptic ulcer, chronic gastritis and gastric adeno carcinoma. Clinical features of H.pylori ranges from asymptomatic gastritis to gastro intestinal carcinoma. H.pylori associates with up to 50% of gastric ulcer and 80% of duodenal ulcer. The most common manifestation of H.pylori is gastritis. Patients with functional dyspepsia has an evidence of H.pylori gastritis. Main diagnostic test available for the detection of H.pylori. Mucosaassociated lymphoid tissue lymphoma(MALT), idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, iron deficiency, and vitamin B12 deficiency are various extra gastric disorders affects by H. pylori. The recommended treatments available for H.pylori eradication is standard triple therapy (which include proton pump inhibitor or ranitidine, bismuth citrates, combined with clarithromycin and amoxicillin or metronidazole. Several diseases have been associated with H pylori infection which include hematological disease such as vitamin B12deficiency and idiopathic iron deficiency anemia. There is a positive trend in association between H. pylori infection and neurodegenerative disorders and new data indicates a reduced risk of death due to lung cancer and stroke but an increased risk of preeclampsia in infected women.

Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, Gastric adeno carcinoma, Endoscopy, Proton pump inhibitor, Bismuth therapy.