Abstract

POTENTIAL ROLE OF PHYTOCOMPOUNDS IN METABOLIC DISEASE

Dheepthi Murali*, Naveena Baburaj, Arjunkumar Paneerselvam and Shyamaladevi Babu

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Abstract

Metabolic disease can be defined as co-occurrence of diseases that serve as risk factors for cardiovascular events and include insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension and obesity which are interrelated in mechanism and pathways. Interleukins, tumor necrosis factor α, C – reactive protein (CRP) are some inflammatory mediates common among these pathways bridging one another. Obesity remains the major burden for initialization of metabolic disease as this pays way for excess circulation of free fatty acids. Abundance of free fatty acid serves as a contributor of insulin resistance which alter RAAS pathway leading to consequences. CRP affects insulin signaling pathway leading to hyperglycemic condition and serve as marker for development of cardiovascular events. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is associated with insulin resistance. IL-6 on contact with CRP further aggravates cardiovascular events. Hyperglycemia elevates interleukin 18 (IL-18) concentrations through oxidative stress which is responsible for atherosclerotic plaque deposition. Higher concentrations of IL-18 increase the synthesis of IL-6 and CRP thus worsening the condition. Serine phosphorylation of insulin receptors prevent interaction with insulin resulting in insulin signal impairment. IRS-1 phosphorylation is driven by JNK, IKKβ, and TNFα. As diabetic patient express many inflammatory features, designing therapy including compounds that target inflammatory pathways of metabolic disease emerges to provide potential benefits. Anti inflammatory compounds derived from plant source are of higher preference accounting to their minimal side effect.

Keywords: Anti-inflammatory compounds, cardiovascular events, Interleukins, Insulin resistance, Obesity, Serine phosphorylation.