Abstract

A REVIEW ON PROTEOMICS AND THEIR TECHNIQUES

Abhinay*, Shivani Sharma, Amar Deep Ankalgi, Arti Rana and Mahendra Singh Ashawat

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Abstract

Proteomics can be defined as the functional analysis of a complete set of proteins using high throughput technologies in a system. The proteomics workflow is a multi-step process involving sample preparation, separation, quantification and identification of proteins. Due to the high complexity of the various types of proteins and the wide dynamic range of the amount of proteins in the cell system, it is necessary to apply appropriate analytical methods. Proteomics involves the use of technologies to identify and quantify the total content of proteins present in a cell, tissue, or body. Complements other "ohmic" technologies such as genomics and transcriptomics to identify protein identity body and learn about the structure and function of a particular protein. State-of-theart proteomics tools enable large-scale, high-throughput analysis for the detection, identification, and functional exploration of the proteome. Advances in protein labeling and fractionation technologies have improved protein identification to include less abundant proteins. Furthermore, proteomics has been complemented with post-translational modification analysis and methods for the quantitative comparison of different proteomes. Mass spectrometry with LC-MS-MS and MALDI-TOF / TOF as widely used equipment is the core of modern proteomics. However, the use of proteomic tools, including software for hardware, databases, and the need for trained personnel, significantly increases costs, limiting their wider use, especially in developing countries. This review attempts to describe various approaches to proteomics, recent developments and their application in research and analysis.

Keywords: Proteomics, Techniques, Applications, Types, Screening.