Abstract

A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON AMPHOTERICIN-B AS AN ANTIFUNGAL AGENT IN THE TREATMENT OF MUCORMYCOSIS

Amit Sonkar* and Punam Sachdeva

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Abstract

Fungal infections (also known as mycoses) are less common than bacteria or viruses, but they have become more common in hospital Settings and among immunocompromised patients. In addition, fungi are more complex than bacteria or viruses. Mucormycosis is also known as black fungus. It is a fungus of the Mucorales type that is the source of the infection. People with low or weak immune systems or those whose bodies are less capable of fighting infection are more likely to experience it. Amphotericin-B is the first-line treatment, it is recommended for invasive mucormycosis infections, The incidence of Mucormycosis has become more common in the last few decades, mostly because there are more people with very weak immune systems. Mucormycosis is more common in developing countries, especially India. Most people who have uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM), the number of people with mucormycosis in Europe and the U.S. ranges from 0.01 to 0.2 per 100,000 people, while the number in India is much higher (14 per 100,000 population). Patients with a prior history of diabetes mellitus are more common likely to spread a fungal infection, or mucormycosis. In India, 1–9% of patients with mucormycosis have hematological malignancies (HM) as a risk factor, compared to 38–62% in Europe and the US. The most common clinical manifestations of mucormycosis include nasal and orbital involvement, central nervous system, pulmonary, skin and systemic involvement. One new clinical entity, isolated renal mucormycosis, has emerged in India, joining the more common rhino orbito-cerebral manifestations of uncontrolled diabetes.

Keywords: Mucormycosis, Amphotericin-B, Antifungal agent, Fungi.