Abstract

IN VITRO SCREEENING OF PHYTOCHEMICALS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SARACA INDICA ROXB. AGAINST MULTIPLE DRUG RESITANT (MDR) BACTERIA

Durgesh D. Wasnik* and P.M. Tumane

Abstract

The objective of this study is in vitro screening of phytochemical and antibacterial activity of Saraca indica leaves extract against multiple drug resistant bacteria isolated from clinical samples. Antibacterial activity of five different solvent extracts (Methanol, acetone, ethanol, petroleum ether and n-Hexane) were prepared by using Soxhlet extractor. In-vitro antibacterial activity was performed by agar well diffusion method. The phytochemical analysis of both methanolic and ethanolic extract of leaves of Saraca indica revealed the presence of Saponins, Glycosides, Polyamides, Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Phenolic substance, Di & Tri-terpenes and Tannins. The methanolic extract were highly effective against E. coli (30 mm) followed by S. pneumoniae (28 mm), S. aureus (26 mm), E. cloacae (26 mm) and K. pneumoniae (22 mm). The methanolic extract also showed 21 mm zone of inhibition against S. typhi, A. baumannii and E. faecium. The lowest MIC value was found against S. pneumoniae (0.79 mg/ml) and whereas 1.56mg/ml MIC value were observed against E.coli, P. aeruginosa, S. typhi and A. baumannii. The highest zone of inhibition of ethanolic extract was found against E. coli (22 mm) followed by S. aureus (20 mm), K. pneumoniae (19 mm) and 18 mm zone of inhibition was observed against P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis, E. faecalis, S. pneumoniae and E. cloacae. S. typhi and A. baumannii showed 16mm zone of inhibition against leaf extract of Saraca indica. The lowest MIC value of ethanolic extract of leaves of Saraca indica was found against E. coli (0.79 mg/ml) while S. aureus and K. pneumoniae showed 1.56mg/ml. In the present investigation methanol was the best solvent for the extraction of active component of plants. Saraca indica can be used as antibacterial agent for the treatment of infectious diseases.

Keywords: Antibacterial activity, MDR, Saraca indica Roxb, Soxhlet Apparatus