Abstract

A REVIEW ON TYPHOID INFECTIOUS BACTERIAL DISEASE

*Sagar A. Chandankhede, Janhavi Y. Bure, Fahreen A. Shah and Shailaja W. Gawande

.

Abstract

Typhoid fever is most current in the Asian part of the world especially in the developing countries of Asia like Pakistan and India, caused by a gram-negative bacterium Salmonella enterica serval Typhi. It's an orally transmitted transmissible complaint caused by consuming defiled food and impure water. The incubation period of the complaint is 7 to 14 days. Symptoms include high fever, rash, weakness, abdominal pain constipation, headache, and poor appetite. Antibiotic resistance is a major problem to treat it effectively Salmonella typhi is serologically positive for lipopolysaccharide antigens O9 and O12, protein flagellar antigen Hd, and polysaccharide capsular antigen Vi.S. typhi Vi-positive strains are more contagious and malign than Vi-negative strains. The fever is also accompanied by chills, headache, malaise, anorexia, nausea, vague abdominal discomfort, dry cough and myalgia. These are followed by carpeted lingo, tender tummy, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly. Azithromycin (10mg/ kg) given formerly daily for seven days has proven effective in the treatment of typhoid fever in some grown-ups and children. A cure of 1g per day for five days was also set up to be more effective in utmost grown-ups. Of the third generation cephalosporins, oral Cefixime (15- 20 mg per kg per day, for grown-ups, 100- 200 mg doubly daily) has been extensively used. Intravenous third generation cephalosporins (ceftriaxone, cefotaxime) are effective. Aztreonam and imipenem are implicit third line medicines.

Keywords: Typhoidal Salmonella, Antibiotic, Pathogen.