Abstract

ANTIOXIDANT AND CYTOTOXICITY STUDY ON THE SUCCESSIVE EXTRACTS OF LEAVES, STEMS, AND ROOTS OF THE MEDICINAL PLANT GARCINIA COWA GROWING IN BANGLADESH

Matiur Rahman, Ananta Kumar Das*, Md. Farid Uddin and Koushik Saha

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Abstract

Garcinia cowa is a significant medicinal plant for its traditional therapeutic purposes and a valuable source of novel pharmaceuticals. The leaves, stems, and roots of G. cowa were extracted with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol to inspect the antioxidant and cytotoxicity. The total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay, and total antioxidant capacity experiments to determine antioxidant activity. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay for cytotoxicity. The total phenolic content study of root and stem extracts in methanol and ethyl acetate exhibit greater phenolic content. But in the total flavonoid content assay, ethyl acetate, methanol & chloroform extracts of root, and ethyl acetate extract of the stem have higher flavonoid content. The DPPH free radical scavenging assay of the extracts exhibited that n-hexane & ethyl acetate extracts of root and n-hexane extract of stem showed good free radical scavenging capacity with IC50 values 20.80, 24.9 and 37.5 μg/mL, respectively, as compared to standard ascorbic acid 7.25 μg/mL. These results are also similar to total antioxidant capacity determination experiment. The antioxidant study revealed that the stem and root extracts of G. cowa have good antioxidant properties. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay study of the extracts exhibited that ethyl acetate extract of leaf, chloroform extract of root, and n-hexane extract of stem showed moderate cytotoxicity.

Keywords: Garcinia cowa, Antioxidant, Phenolic content, Flavonoid content, DPPH, Cytotoxicity.