Abstract

AA REVIEW ON PERCUTANEOUS TRANSLUMININAL CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY (PTCA) VERSES CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS (CABG) IN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE (CAD) AND MYOCARDIAL INFRACTION (MI)

Sreevalli Kokkiligadda*, Prasanthi Medapalli, L. N. Sai Priya Kanajam, Vedhasri Katari, Tabitha Sharon and Kantamaneni Padmalatha

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Abstract

Coronary artery disease is the narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries, usually caused by atherosclerosis or any obstruction in the arteries by plaque formation in the heart valves. CAD is thought to begin with damage or injury to the inner layer of a coronary artery. In India a study conducted[27] in 2016, CVDs were responsible for 28.1% of all fatalities and 14.1% of all DALYs, up from 15.2% and 6.9%, respectively, in 1990. The prevalence of myocardial infarction (MI) is now greatest in India. With 261,694 fatalities from hypertensive heart disease in 2013 (an increase of 138% from 1990), this CVD is among India's major health issues. Compared to other ethnic groups, Indians are 2-4 times more likely to be hospitalized for CAD complications, and admission rates are 5–10 times higher for populations under 40 years Diabetics have a CAD prevalence of 21.4%, whereas non -diabetics have a prevalence of 11%. Risk factors for higher prevalence of CAD in Indians include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, smoking, and obesity. These heart conditions, such as CAD and MI, are brought on by plaque build-up along the inner walls of coronary arteries, atherosclerosis, heart valve rupture, smoking, family history, and lifestyle changes. This results in symptoms of reduced blood and oxygen flow to the heart, which can include chest pain, shortness of breath, abnormal ECG readings, and occasionally life-threatening issues. These conditions are treated initially by non-invasive treatment like use of Antiplatelet, Calcium channel blockers, and Nitrates if these symptoms are not subsided by drugs then the invasive treatments like CABG and PTCA are done. CABG is an open heart surgery suggested to patients based on the symptoms, its shows grater recovery results where it is an expensive surgery, longer hospital stay, and recovery rate takes time, may show further complications, so these procedure is not be acceptable by all patients. Whereas PTCA is an inexpensive process, shorter stay, quick recovery, less complications compared to CABG. But based on the symptoms, preference and willingness of the patients the type of surgery is preferred by the physician.

Keywords: PTCA (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty), CABG (coronary artery bypass grafting), CAD (coronary artery disease), MI (myocardial infraction), MVD (multivessel disease).