Abstract

A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CO-MORBIDITIES AND TREATMENT SCHEDULE OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS REPORTING AT ANANTA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH CENTRE, RAJSAMAND, RAJASTHAN

Swapnil Panchal*, Pushprajsinh Vaghela, Sherin Mary Rajan, Harshita Kalal and

.

Abstract

The bacillus that causes TB, a chronic granulomatous infectious disease, is called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While TB can affect any organ or tissue, the most common form is pulmonary tuberculosis. According to the World TB Report 2021, India has an eradication incidence of all forms of tuberculosis for the year 2020 of 188 per lakh people and a prevalence of 312 per lakh people the following year. The WHO predicts that 10 million people will get TB disease globally in 2020, and 1.5 million people will die from it, including more than 2 lakh people who are HIV positive. Fever, anorexia, weight loss, coughing, and other symptoms may be signs of pulmonary TB. Extrapulmonary or EPTB can occur, albeit being less common in any organ or tissue Even worse, it could spread and result in miliary TB, which is more common in old and immunocompromised individuals. Each form of TB has the potential to be fatal if left untreated. The typical treatment plan consists of a two-month intensive phase and a fourmonth continuous phase. The four drugs used in the intensive phase are isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol, and they are all taken in a single dosage in the early morning. As pyrazinamide loses its effectiveness after two months, it is not administered during the continuous phase. Extra-pulmonary TB treatment duration varies by case and is frequently longer. The problem that the world is currently facing is drug resistance. When a FQ is present and there is drugresistance to Isoniazid, Rifampicin, and any additional two drugs from second line, the condition is referred to as multidrug resistance (MDR-TB). In the reserve category, it is referred to as Extended Resistance (XDR-TB). The failure of treatments and the challenges in controlling or eradicating the disease have been profoundly impacted by these two forms of TB.

Keywords: TB, Pulmonary tuberculosis, Incidence, Prevalence, Extrapulmonary tuberculosis, Miliary tuberculosis, Treatment, ATT, MDR-TB, XDR-TB.