Abstract

PHARMACOGENOMIC OF ADR & GENETIC RELATED ADR FOCUSING PK PARAMETERS

Seema Saini*, Sunil Kumar, K. Prabhu, Deepak Shahu and Eram Khan

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Abstract

Pharmacogenomics aims to investigate the genetic basis of interindividual differences in drug responses, such as efficacy, dose requirements and adverse events. Research in pharmacogenomics has grown over the past decade, evolving from a candidate-gene approach to genome-wide association studies. The drug produces their side effects via the host immune responses and genes of chromosomes which is not easy to detect and does not apply to all the patients. Via these studies we investigate the genetic basis of inter-individual differences in drug responses, such as efficacy, dose requirements and adverse events. The tight association of specific HLA alleles with Stevens–Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrosis, drug hypersensitivity syndrome and drug- induced liver injury underscore the importance of HLA in the pathogenesis of these idiosyncratic drug hypersensitivity reactions. This review focuses on the pharmacogenomics of ADRs, the underlying mechanisms and the potential use of genomic biomarkers in clinical practice for dose adjustment and the avoidance of drug toxicity.

Keywords: Pharmacogenomics, Genetic ADRs, Aspirin and Carbamazepine.