Abstract

ANTIGIARDIAL, ANTIAMOEBIC, ANTIMICROBIAL, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, CYTOTOXICITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL OF ETHANOLIC FRUITS EXTRACT OF BALANITES AEGYPTIACA (L.) DEL. FROM SUDAN

Ahmed S. Kabbashi*

Abstract

Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. belongs to family balanitaceae. The plant has antidiabetic, antihelmintic, antibacterial and antiviral activities. The bark, unripe, fruits, and leaves of this plant are reported to have anthelminthic, antifertility, purgative and antidysenteric Properties. The present study was conducted to investigate the in-vitro antigiardial activities (Giardia lamblia), antiamoebic activites (Entamoeba histolyica), antimicrobial (bacteria and fungi), antioxidant (DPPH assay), cytotoxic (MTT assay) and phytocemical of ethanol extract of B. aegyptiaca (fruit). The ethanol extracts of B. aegyptiaca (fruit) was screened for its antigiardial activities (Giardia lamblia), antiamoebic activites (Entamoeba histolyica), antimicrobial activity against four standard bacteria, two Gram-positive bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus), two Gram-negative bacterial strains (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two fungal strains (Apergillus niger and Candida albicans) using the cup plate agar diffusion method. Antioxidant screening for their free radical scavenging properties using 2.2Di (4- tert-octylphenyl)-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), while propyl galate was used as standard antioxidant and screened for their cytotoxicity using 3- (4, 5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2, 5- diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT). Ethanol extracts of B. aegyptiaca (fruit). showed 100% inhibition at a concentration 500 μg/ml after 96 h; this was compared with Metronidazole which gave 96% inhibition at concentration 312.5 μg/ml at the same time against Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica. The ethanol extract of B. aegyptiaca (fruit). exhibited inhibitory effects against most of the tested organisms with zone of inhibition ranging from (15-25 mm). The tested antioxidant activity gave (70 ± 0.07 RSA%) in comparison to the control of propylgalate levels (88 ± 0.07 RSA%), MTT assay verified the safety of the examined extract and The results of Phytochemical screening of B. aegyptiaca (fruit) positive results were recorded for terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins and coumarins. Negative results were flavonoids, anthraquinone and tannins. In conclusion: These studies conducted for both B. aegyptiaca in the treatment of several protozoal, bacterial and fungal

Keywords: In vitro, antigiardial, antiamoebic, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activities, cytotoxicity and phytochemical, Balanites aegyptiaca (fruit), Sudan.