Abstract

A CRITICAL REVIEW ON KEROSENE POISONING: HOLISTIC APPROACH

Swati M. Nikam*

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Abstract

Kerosene poisoning is a common issue in India, often resulting from suicidal or homicidal acts involving ingestion or the pouring of kerosene into the mouth followed by burning clothing. Children are particularly at risk, as they may accidentally consume kerosene, mistaking it for water. Kerosene, also known as paraffin or Kero, is a flammable liquid used in various industries and households worldwide for lighting, heating, and powering devices. It is typically clear and non-viscous. While it can be derived from coal, oil shale, and wood, it is primarily obtained from refined petroleum. With a boiling point between 302ºF and 527ºF, kerosene has low surface tension and remains liquid at room temperature. It is an irritant to the gastrointestinal tract and, if absorbed systemically, can depress the central nervous system. Aspiration of kerosene can be fatal. Due to its low surface tension and high vapor pressure, even small amounts of kerosene entering the respiratory passage can spread throughout the lungs, causing severe pneumonitis. While kerosene is not readily absorbed after ingestion, demulcents should be administered as part of treatment. Gastric lavage is contraindicated due to the risk of aspiration pneumonitis. Treatment for kerosene poisoning is primarily symptomatic. This article will review the major issues associated with kerosene poisoning and discuss treatment strategies.

Keywords: Kerosene poisoning, Toxicology, Agadtantra, Management of Poisoning.