Abstract

POLYMORPHISMS OF THE COMMON THROMBOPHILIC GENES AND THEIR CORRELATIONS WITH RECURRENT PREGNANCY LOSS

Tamara Reyadh Tahir*, Iman Yousif Abdulmalik

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Abstract

Two or more consecutive pregnancy failures, confirmed by ultrasound or histology, are referred to as recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Approximately 2% of pregnant women experience two consecutive miscarriages. The cause of RPL is unclear in up to 50% of individuals. RPL is one of the most complex and challenging situations in reproductive medicine. One recognized risk factor for RPL is polymorphisms of throm bophilic genes. This paper proposes an observational comparison of a group of 50 married women of reproductive age (20–40 years) with a history of two or more pregnancy losses during the first trimester, with a control group of 50 women of the same age who had at least one successful pregnancy without complications. Data were collected through questionnaires and blood tests for common clotting genes, including factor V Leiden, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, beta-fibrinogen, and prothrombin. The results showed that the mean age of the cases (32.14 ± 6.474 years) was significantly higher than that of the controls (29.54 ± 5.588 years), and the mean weight of the cases was higher than that of the controls. 46% of the women had two recurrent pregnancy losses, and 44% had three recurrent pregnancy losses, while four or more pregnancy losses were less common. Genetically, heterozygous polymorphisms in the beta-fibrinogen gene were significantly higher in the cases, while homozygous beta-fibrinogen and heterozygous and homozygous methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase were significantly lower. The study also showed a weak but statistically significant association between recurrent pregnancy loss and factor V Leiden only (r = 0.243, p = 0.015).

Keywords: Polymorphisms, Recurrent Pregnancy Loss, Thrombophilic Genes.