Abstract

CURRENT STATUS AND ADVANCED APPROACHES IN OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: SAFETY EVALUATION, FUTURE CONSIDERATION

Sanket K Trivedi*, Shiv K Garg, Pramod Saini, Deepu Puri, Sohan lal Choudhary

Abstract

Eye diseases are commonly encountered in day to day life, which are cured or prevented through the conventionally used dosage forms like eye drops, ointments. Delivery to the internal parts of the eye still remains troublesome due to the anatomical and protective structure of the eye. The newly developed particulate and vesicular systems like liposomes, pharmacosomes and discomes are useful in delivering the drug for a longer extent and helpful in reaching the systemic circulation. The most recent advancements of the ocular delivery systems provide the delivery of the genes and proteins to the internal structures which were once inaccessible and thus are of great importance in treating the diseases which are caused due to genetic mutation, failure in normal homeostasis, malignancy but also maintaining the physiological function of eye. This review provides an insight into the various constraints associated with ocular drug delivery, summarizes recent findings and applications of various nanoparticulate systems like microemulsions, nanosuspensions, nanoparticles, liposomes, niosomes, dendrimers and cyclodextrins in the field of ocular drug delivery and also depicts how the various upcoming of nanotechnology like nanodiagnostics, nanoimaging and nanomedicine can be utilized to explore the frontiers of ocular drug delivery and therapy. In future, much of the emphasis will be given to achieve noninvasive sustained drug release for eye disorders in both segments. A clear understanding of the complexities associated with tissues in normal and pathological conditions, physiological barriers, and multicompartmental pharmacokinetics would greatly hasten further development in the field. Most injectable therapies are used intravitreally, and there is a plethora of literature on the safety and pharmacokinetics of these formulations by this route.

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