Abstract

AN ASSESSMENT ON DIABETES MELLITUS

Sarojini Nayak*, Sudhansu Senapati, Priyanka Nayak, Sushree Ratnamala Patra

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Abstract

The rising prevalence of diabetes poses a serious socioeconomic threat to countries all over the world. Despite scientific advancements, enhanced healthcare infrastructure, and elevated literacy rates, the illness continues to affect numerous populations, particularly in middle and low-income nations. The perception of diabetes has evolved over the past three generations; it was once considered a minor ailment affecting the elderly, but it is now considered a primary contributor to morbidity and death among middle-aged and younger individuals. Chronic conditions such as Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus arise from functional impairment due to elevated blood glucose, diminished insulin sensitivity, and insulin insufficiency. New scientific and technical developments have resulted in a new group of medications, such as sulphonylureas, biguanides, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, and thiazolidinedione’s, that are very effective in lowering high blood sugar levels. New approaches in drug discovery have helped create new types of treatments for diabetes, such as incretin mimetic, amylin analogues, GIP analogues, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, which are all promising targets for managing the disease. The identification and clinical evaluation of bioactive compounds from plants have transformed medication development and lead identification for diabetes control. The key parts of clinical diabetology are looked at, highlighting how statins, nanotechnology, and stem cell technologies could be future treatments, along with the continued use of herbal remedies for managing diabetes. More research is needed to determine how safe and effective stem cell treatments are to develop methods to prevent the immune system from rejecting stem cell derived β-cells.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, blood glucose level, insulin, treatment strategies