Abstract

ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIDIABETIC PLANT COMPOUNDS DERIVED FROM SPECIFIC MEDICINAL FLORA: POTENTIAL CANDIDATES FOR NOVEL DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND DISCOVERY

T. H. Mohamed Ahadu Shareef*, Irfan Navabshan, M. Mohamed Divan Masood and T. Eswara Yuvaraj

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Abstract

Withania Coagulans, Gymnema Sylvestre, Indigofera Tinctoria, and Trachyspermum Ammi are medicinal plants with long histories in traditional and modern medicine for treating indigestion, type 2 diabetes, cancer, asthma, constipation, heart disease, and infections. However, research on their phytochemical and pharmacological properties, particularly their antibacterial and antidiabetic effects, is limited. Analyses using GC-MS and LC-MS identified various bioactive compounds, while IR, UV, and 1H-NMR characterized their functional groups. The bioactive compounds identified through GCMS and LC-MS included 18, 12, 15, and 15 compounds, corresponding to 17, 26, 17, and 19 peaks, respectively. In vitro studies revealed Withania Coagulans showed superior antidiabetic effects, while Gymnema Sylvestre and Indigofera Tinctoria displayed moderate antibacterial activity against several bacterial strains. Trachyspermum Ammi exhibited significant antifungal efficacy against Aspergillus species. A docking analysis using Auto Dock Vina investigated the interactions between two proteins, 7myj (linked to diabetes) and 5ESG (related to fungal activity), and the detected bioactive compounds. The in vitro antidiabetic effects of Withania Coagulans extract were assessed using a glucose uptake model in yeast cells, showing greater efficacy compared to standard treatments, as corroborated by docking studies. These findings underscore the potential health benefits of these plants.

Keywords: Ayurveda, Diabetes Management, Molecular Docking, Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry.