Abstract

REVIEW ON, THE DRUG UTILIZATION PRACTICES OF PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE UNDERGOING STENTING’

Dr. Suraya Yaqoob*

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Abstract

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the primary method for coronary artery revascularization, historically advancing from balloon angioplasty to the introduction of coronary stents, which initially addressed issues such as vascular dissections and arterial recoil. Despite these improvements, the challenge of neointimal accumulation persisted, leading to in-stent restenosis (ISR) in a significant proportion of cases. The evolution of drug-eluting stents (DESs) aimed to mitigate ISR by delivering anti-proliferative agents directly to the arterial injury site. While DESs have enhanced outcomes post-PCI, concerns remain regarding delayed re-endothelialization and stent thrombosis. This review explores the pathophysiology of ISR and stent thrombosis, summarizing clinical evidence on first- and second-generation DESs. Recent advancements in understanding ISR pathogenesis are discussed, alongside emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at improving clinical efficacy and patient.

Keywords: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI), Drug-Eluting Stents (DES), Stent Thrombosis, Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), Neointimal Hyperplasia, Bare-Metal Stents (BMS), Re-endothelialization, Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT), Vascular Remodeling, Smooth Mus