Abstract

OVERVIEW - PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS & PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF HEMIDESMUS INDICUS

Arun Kumar M.*, Nandhitha P., Jothimanivannan C., Sriganth K., Gurumoorthi M., Abinesh S.

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Abstract

Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R.Br., or Indian sarsaparilla, is a valued medicinal plant with deep roots in Ayurvedic, Siddha, and Unani traditions. Its roots are traditionally used to treat skin diseases, respiratory and digestive issues, venereal diseases, and general weakness. Known for its blood-purifying, anti-inflammatory, and immune-boosting properties, the plant contains bioactive compounds like flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and saponins. Extraction methods such as Soxhlet and cold maceration with solvents like ethanol and methanol help isolate these constituents, while HPTLC and HPLC aid in their standardization. Preclinical studies confirm various pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-arthritic, anticancer, and hepatoprotective effects. Though clinical trials are limited, results are promising for conditions like psoriasis and non-ulcer dyspepsia. The plant features in many commercial formulations and is regulated globally. Future research should focus on sustainable harvesting, propagation techniques, and deeper clinical evaluations to support its use in modern medicine.

Keywords: Hemidesmus indicus, phytochemical constituents, pharmacological activity, traditional knowledge.