Abstract

6D PRINTING: A FRONTIER IN SMART DELIVERY OF VACCINES AND BIOLOGIC THERAPEUTICS

Ankit Agrawal*, Sourabh D. Jain, Anees Ghosi, Suresh Dangi, Azaruddin Shaikh, Arun K. Gupta

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Abstract

6D printing represents a significant advancement beyond 3D and 4D printing technologies, offering innovative solutions for precise drug delivery—particularly for complex therapeutics such as vaccines, biologics, and large molecules. This emerging technology integrates shape-changing materials (4D), time-responsive functionalities (5D), and the ability to dynamically respond to environmental stimuli (6D). These smart, responsive materials enable real-time interaction with the body, allowing for targeted and controlled drug release at specific sites. This approach not only enhances treatment efficacy but also minimizes potential side effects. This study explores the application of 6D printing in developing next-generation drug delivery systems, with a particular emphasis on controlled and site-specific release of large biomolecules. Special focus is placed on its potential for vaccine delivery—including mRNA and protein-based platforms—supporting both personalized medicine and rapid response to infectious disease outbreaks. Key challenges addressed include the selection of appropriate biocompatible materials, ensuring patient safety, regulatory considerations, and the scalability of manufacturing processes. By integrating advances in nanotechnology, materials science, and biomedical engineering, 6D printing holds transformative potential for the delivery of complex therapeutics within the human body.

Keywords: Emerging Technology, Biomolecules, Protein-Based Formulations.