Abstract

A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON THE MANAGEMENT OF GARBHINI PANDU (W.S.R. TO IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN PREGNANCY) THROUGH AYURVEDA

Dr. Anju Yadav*, Dr. Alka Yadav, Dr. Pooja Sharma, Dr. Bhappil Sharma

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Abstract

Introduction - Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) is the most common haematological disorder in pregnancy, affecting a significant proportion of women globally, especially in developing countries. It is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. In Ayurveda, this condition is closely correlated with Garbhini Pandu, a type of Pandu Roga specifically occurring during pregnancy. The classical texts provide a detailed understanding of its etiology, pathogenesis, and management principles that remain highly relevant. Objective - This review aims to comprehensively analyze the concept of Garbhini Pandu from an Ayurvedic perspective, correlate it with modern understanding of IDA in pregnancy, and evaluate the integrative management strategies combining both paradigms. Methods-A systematic literature search was conducted using databases like PubMed, Scopus, DHARA, AYUSH Research Portal, and relevant Ayurvedic classical texts including Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya. Results - The pathogenesis of Garbhini Pandu involves aggravation of Vata and Pitta doshas, leading to impairment of Rasa Dhatu and Rakta Dhatu, primarily due to the nutritional demands of the growing fetus (Garbha). Ayurvedic management emphasizes Santarpanajana Chikitsa (nourishing therapy) over Apatarpana (depleting therapy). It includes dietary modifications (Ahara) like iron-rich foods and pomegranate, lifestyle advisories (Vihara), and a plethora of herbal and herbo-mineral formulations. These interventions not only improve hematological parameters but also enhance digestion and absorption, addressing the root cause. Integrative approaches, combining Ayurvedic supplements with modern iron prophylaxis, show promise in reducing side effects (like constipation) and improving compliance and efficacy. Conclusion - The ancient Ayurvedic science offers a holistic, multi-targeted, and safe approach to managing Garbhini Pandu/IDA. An integrative model, combining the strengths of evidence-based modern medicine and the holistic principles of Ayurveda, can provide a superior framework for preventing and treating anemia in pregnancy, thereby improving maternal and child health outcomes.

Keywords: Garbhini Pandu, Iron Deficiency Anemia, Pregnancy, Punarnavadi Mandura.