Abstract

PREVALENCE OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION, DIABETES, AND HYPERLIPIDEMIA

Vijetha Pokkula*, Srivani Gajavelli, Santhosh Modani, M. Shiva Rama Krishna

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Abstract

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading global cause of death, with a rising burden in India due to modifiable risk factors like hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia. Objective: To assess coronary artery disease prevalence and its association with common risk factors among patients at tertiary care centers in Warangal, Telangana. Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted between December 2021 and May 2022 at Ekashila Hospital and Santhosh Cardiac Care Centre. Adults aged ≥25 years with hypertension, diabetes, and/or hyperlipidemia were included. Data on demographics, blood pressure, lipid profiles, and coronary artery disease diagnosis (via angiography or clinical report) were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-tests (GraphPad Prism v9.4.0). Results: Of 200 participants, 66% were male, and the mean age was 46 ± 8 years. Hypertension (76.5%), diabetes (51%), and low HDL (73.5%) were the most prevalent risk factors. Coronary artery disease was confirmed in 78% of participants, with a higher prevalence in males (86.4%) and older adults (46–60 years). Mean systolic and diastolic pressures (129.8/81.8 mmHg) and HDL levels (35.16 mg/dL) were significantly outside optimal ranges (p < 0.0001). LDL and total cholesterol levels were within or near desirable limits in most individuals. Conclusion: The study revealed a high prevalence of coronary artery disease among older adults and males, primarily associated with hypertension, diabetes, and low HDL cholesterol. Targeted screening and early lifestyle and pharmacological interventions are essential to mitigate Coronary artery disease risk and improve cardiovascular outcomes in high-risk populations.

Keywords: Coronary artery disease; Hypertension; Diabetes mellitus; Hyperlipidemia; Prevalence.