Abstract

ADVANCES IN ASTHMA MANAGEMENT: INTEGRATING BIOLOGICS, NANOTECHNOLOGY, DIGITAL HEALTH, AND PRECISION MEDICINE

*Ramesh K., Jerome Thomson, Mohamed Jalaludeen, Gurucharan P., Pradheep K., Nepolean R.

Abstract

Objective: Asthma is a heterogeneous, chronic respiratory disease with variable endotypes and significant global burden. This review aims to provide an updated synthesis of advances in asthma management, focusing on biologic therapies, nanotechnology-driven drug delivery, precision diagnostics, and digital health innovations to optimize patient outcomes. Methods: A thorough analysis of current literature was carried out, with a focus on asthma clinical research, immunopathology, and molecular biology. Using evidence-based data from clinical trials, translational studies, and global health reports, special attention was paid to precision medicine techniques, digital health interventions, emerging biologic therapies, and nanotechnology applications. Results: Advances in asthma care have enabled biomarker-guided phenotyping and targeted biologic treatments, including anti-IgE, anti-IL-5, anti-IL-4/13, and TSLP inhibitors, which improve disease control in severe and refractory cases. Nanotechnology-based delivery systems demonstrate enhanced therapeutic efficacy with reduced systemic side effects. Diagnostic innovations such as fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) testing, electronic nose (eNose) technologies, wearable acoustic sensors, and portable spirometry support early detection and personalized disease monitoring. Digital health tools, including smart inhalers, remote adherence monitoring, and artificial intelligence–driven predictive models, are transforming patient engagement and enabling proactive management. Conclusion: The integration of biologics, nanotechnology, precision diagnostics, and digital health has redefined asthma management, offering personalized strategies that improve outcomes for patients with severe and difficult-to-treat asthma. However, disparities in access and implementation remain significant challenges, underscoring the need for globally coordinated, evidence-based interventions.

Keywords: Asthma; Precision Medicine; Biological Therapy; Nanomedicine; Inhalers; Telemedicine; Biomarkers; Medication Adherence; Global Health.