Abstract

HESPERIDIN: A MULTIFUNCTIONAL BIOFLAVONOID IN HEALTH AND DISEASE

*Abdul Mannan, Romisha Naila

Abstract

Hesperidin, a naturally occurring flavanone glycoside predominantly found in citrus fruits such as oranges and lemons, has emerged as a multifunctional bioflavonoid with significant pharmacological potential. It possesses a wide range of biological activities including antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antiapoptotic, and cardioprotective effects. Despite its abundance in nature and long history in traditional medicine, the therapeutic application of hesperidin has been limited by its poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability. Recent advances in nanotechnology and formulation science have focused on enhancing its pharmacokinetic properties and systemic delivery. Hesperidin exerts its biological actions through multiple molecular pathways, including modulation of oxidative stress via Nrf2/ARE signaling, inhibition of NF-κBmediated inflammation, and regulation of apoptotic proteins. Evidence from preclinical and emerging clinical studies suggests its potential role in preventing and managing chronic disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative conditions, hepatic dysfunctions, and cancers. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of hesperidin’s chemistry, biosynthesis, mechanisms of action, therapeutic applications, and current advancements in drug delivery approaches. It also highlights the limitations in its clinical translation, emphasizing the need for standardized formulations and omics-based research to fully exploit its potential as a multitarget therapeutic compound in modern medicine.

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