Abstract

“TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISORDERS: INSIGHTS INTO PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS, AND MANAGEMENT”

Rupali Pawar*, Yash Chavhan, Anand Kamble, Shailesh Pawar, Prem Pokale,

Abstract

A comprehensive collection of diseases known as temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders impact the masticatory muscles, the joint, and related structures, resulting in severe discomfort and functional restrictions. Speech, swallowing, and mastication are all made easier by the highly specialized synovial joint known as the TMJ. TMJ disorders may be the result of pathophysiological alterations brought on by trauma, parafunctional habits, psychological stress, or systemic diseases that disrupt its architecture or physiology. Myofascial pain dysfunction, internal derangements, degenerative joint illnesses, and inflammatory disorders are the major categories into which these problems fall. They all exhibit common clinical symptoms, including joint pain, limited mouth opening, and clicking or crepitus. In order to diagnose soft and hard tissue anomalies, a thorough clinical evaluation backed by imaging methods such as MRI, CT, and ultrasonography is necessary. In instances that are refractory, management options have an emphasis on a comprehensive approach that combines conservative therapy, pharmaceutical interventions, physical rehabilitation, and surgical procedures. New possibilities for early diagnosis and individualized treatment have been made possible by recent developments in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and three-dimensional imaging. Standardizing diagnostic standards, comprehending etiopathogenesis, and attaining long-term therapy efficacy are still difficult tasks, nevertheless. Future studies that concentrate on biomechanical modeling, molecular mechanisms, and minimally invasive treatments have the potential to enhance patient outcomes. In addition to highlighting current research trends and potential future directions in this rapidly developing field, this review attempts to give a thorough overview of the anatomy, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of TMJ disorder.

Keywords: Temporomandibular joint, TMD, anatomy, pathophysiology, disc displacement, myofascial pain, diagnosis, imaging Etiopathogenesis.