Abstract

COMPREHENSIVE AYURVEDIC REVIEW ON AJIRNA (DYSPEPSIA): PATHOGENESIS, CLASSIFICATION, AND THERAPEUTIC APPROACH

Dr. Milind Aware*, Dr. Bhavna Dande, Dr. Sudatta Shirolkar

Abstract

Ajirna, one of the most common disorders affecting the Annavaha Srotas (gastrointestinal tract), is described in Ayurveda as a pathological state resulting from impaired digestive fire (Agnimandya). The disturbance of Agni leads to the incomplete digestion of food, forming Ama (metabolic toxins), which further disturbs the Doshas and Srotas. Ajirna manifests as anorexia, heaviness in the abdomen, nausea, belching, abdominal discomfort, and fatigue. The causative factors include improper dietary habits, excessive or incompatible food intake, suppression of natural urges, and psychological factors such as stress and anxiety. Ayurveda classifies Ajirna into four main types — Amajirna, Vidagdhajirna, Vishtabdhajirna, and Rasasheshajirna. The management focuses on restoring Agni and eliminating Ama through Langhana, Pachana, and Deepana therapies, supported by Pathya-Apathya and Panchakarma when required. Classical formulations such as Trikatu Churna, Hingwashtaka Churna, Chitrakadi Vati, and Lashunadi Vati are proven effective. This article reviews classical Ayurvedic literature and correlates modern scientific understanding of dyspepsia to elucidate the holistic management of Ajirna.

Keywords: Ajirna, Agnimandya, Ama, Deepana, Pachana, Langhana, Annavaha Srotas, Ayurveda, Indigestion.