Abstract

VASCULITIS; CLASSIFICATION, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, CLINICAL FEATURES AND MANAGEMANT- A REVIEW

S. Sivadharshini*, S. Senthilkumar, Dr. K. Rithika, A. Manisha, S. Jayaseelan

Abstract

Vasculitis is a group of disorders that involve inflammation of blood vessels. This inflammation can cause damage to the blood vessels, reduce blood flow, lead to tissue ischemia, and potentially harm organs. The condition can affect blood vessels of various sizes and may occur as a primary issue or be secondary to infections, autoimmune diseases, drugs, or cancers. Vasculitis is generally classified into three types based on the size of the affected vessels: large, medium, and small vessel vasculitis, each with its own distinct features. The pathophysiology of vasculitis mainly involves mechanisms driven by the immune system. This includes immune complex buildup, such as anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), and the activation of inflammatory cells that lead to damage of the blood vessel lining. The signs and symptoms of vasculitis can vary greatly based on which organs are affected. Common symptoms include skin rashes, joint pain, kidney problems, respiratory issues, and neurological deficits. To diagnose vasculitis early, doctors evaluate clinical symptoms and support this with lab tests, imaging, and tissue analysis. Treating vasculitis mainly aims to control inflammation and prevent organ damage. This is typically done through corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs, and targeted biological treatments. This review focuses on the classification, mechanisms, clinical features, and current treatments for vasculitis, highlighting the need for early detection and proper care to improve patient outcomes.

Keywords: Vasculitis is a group of disorders that involve inflammation of blood vessels.