Abstract

A CASE STUDY ON CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

Harisankar M. K.*, Dr. Nithin Manohar R., Muhsina N., Feba G., Dr. Prasobh G. R.

Abstract

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) represents a significant global health burden characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation resulting from airway and/or alveolar abnormalities. Primarily caused by longterm exposure to noxious particles or gases—most notably cigarette smoke and environmental pollutants—the condition encompasses chronic bronchitis and emphysema, leading to progressive lung function decline. The pathophysiology involves chronic inflammation that triggers structural remodelling, small airway narrowing, and the destruction of lung parenchyma, which reduces the effective surface area for gas exchange. Patients typically present with dyspnoea, chronic cough, and sputum production, often punctuated by acute exacerbations that accelerate disease progression and increase mortality risk. While COPD is currently incurable, management strategies focusing on smoking cessation, pharmacological interventions such as bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids, and pulmonary rehabilitation are essential to alleviate symptoms, improve quality of life, and reduce the frequency of life-threatening complications.

Keywords: COPD, Bronchodilators, Exacerbation, Patient Counseling.