Abstract

REVIEW ARTICLE ON ARSHA AND ITS MANAGEMENT

Dr. Pranjal Kumar*, Dr. Binod Kalita

Abstract

Arsha (haemorrhoids), is one of the most common Anorectal disorders described extensively in Ayurvedic classics. It is considered a significant disease due to its chronic nature, tendency for recurrence, and impact on the quality of life. According to Ayurveda, Arsha develops due to the vitiation of Dosha, particularly Apana Vata, along with impairment of Agni and derangement of the Anorectal structures. Sedentary lifestyle, irregular dietary habits, constipation, and prolonged straining during defecation are among the major etiological factors. Clinically, it presents with bleeding per rectum, pain, prolapse, itching, and discomfort during defecation. Objective: To review the Ayurvedic concept of Arsha and its management with emphasis on various therapeutic approaches described in classical texts. Methods: This review is based on a comprehensive analysis of Ayurvedic classics, Contemporary literature, research articles, and published studies related to the aetiology, pathogenesis, classification, clinical features, and management of Arsha. Results: Ayurveda offers a holistic approach for the management of Arsha through Nidana Parivarjana (avoidance of causative factors), dietary and lifestyle modifications, Shamana Chikitsa (conservative treatment), and Shodhana Chikitsa (bio-purificatory therapies). Acharya Sushruta has described four principal treatment modalities: Bheshaja (medicinal therapy), Kshara Karma (chemical cauterization), Agni Karma (thermal cauterization), and Shastra Karma (surgical intervention). Among these, Kshara Karma and Ksharasutra therapy have shown promising results in reducing symptoms and preventing recurrence with minimal complication. Conclusion: Ayurvedic management of Arsha provides safe, effective, and minimally invasive treatment options. A combination of preventive measures, medicinal therapy, and para-surgical procedures can significantly improve patient outcomes and quality of life while reducing recurrence rates.

Keywords: Arsha, Haemorrhoids, Kshara Karma, Ksharasutra, Ayurveda, Anorectal Disorders.