Abstract

DIABETES MELLITUS: AN OVERVIEW

Manoj Kumar*

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder resulting from a defect in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Insulin deficiency, in turn, leads to chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. It is the most common endocrine disorder with an increasing global prevalence and incidence. High blood glucose levels are symptomatic of diabetes mellitus as a consequence of inadequate pancreatic insulin secretion or poor insulin-directed mobilization of glucose by target cells. Diabetes mellitus is aggravated by and associated with metabolic complications that can subsequently lead to premature death. Hence this review article provides the comprehensive information on the diabetes mellitus in terms of history, biochemistry, role of insulin, economic burden, management along with future perspectives.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Insulin, blood glucose levels; islets of Langerhans; hyperglycemia.