Abstract

STEM CELL AND ITS THERAPY

Thakur P*, Sood M, Sharma RB, Vashist H, Gupta A and Agarwal S.

Abstract

Stem cells are a class of undifferentiated cells that are able to differentiate into specialized cell types. Commonly, stem cells come from two main sources. Embryos formed during the blastocyst phase of embryological development and Adult tissue. Both types are generally characterized by their potency, or potential to differentiate into different cell types such as skin, muscle, bone, etc Adult or somatic stem cells exist throughout the body after embryonic development and are found inside of different types of tissue. These stem cells have been found in tissues such as the brain, bone marrow, blood, blood vessels, skeletal muscles, skin, and remain in a quiescent or non-dividing state for years until activated by disease or tissue injury. The adult stem cells can divide or selfrenew indefinitely, enabling them to generate a range of cell types from the originating organ or even regenerate the entire original organ. This latter mass is the source of embryonic stem cells totipotent cells (cells with total potential to develop into any cell in the body). Many common neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, stroke and multiple sclerosis, are caused by a loss of neurons and glial cells. In recent years, neurons and glia have been generated successfully from stem cells in culture, fueling efforts to develop stem-cell-based transplantation therapies for human patients.

Keywords: stem cells, totipotent, generate, disease.