Abstract

DAPAGLIFLOZIN: A NOVEL SODIUM-GLUCOSE COTRANSPORTER TYPE 2 INHIBITOR FOR THE TREATMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Harish Singh*, Prof. Harvinder Popli and J. Swaminathan

Abstract

Dapagliflozin is the lead agent in a new class of oral antidiabetic agents known as sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, which represent a novel approach to the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. By selectively and reversibly blocking the SGLT2 receptor, dapagliflozin prevents the reabsorption of glucose at the renal proximal tubule. Dapagliflozin produces a sustained, dosedependent reduction in plasma glucose levels while simultaneously improving insulin secretion and sensitivity. Dapagliflozin has a favourable safety profile, with the rates of hypoglycaemia similar to those of placebo. Genital and urinary tract infections were more commonly reported in patients taking dapagliflozin (2–13%) than those taking placebo (0–8%). Dapagliflozin does not appear to cause electrolyte disturbances, hepatotoxicity, or nephrotoxicity. Results from clinical trials have been promising, and well-designed clinical programs that address the long-term safety and efficacy of dapagliflozin are under way.

Keywords: Hypoglycaemia, SGLT-2 inhibitors, Dapagliflozin, diabetes, glycosuria.