Abstract

AUTOGENOUS BONE BLOCK GRAFTS

Dr. A. J. Anand MDS, Dr. R. Karthickeyan MDS, Dr. Shabbir Ahamed MDS, Dr. Raja Pandian MDS and Dr. Y. Pradeep Kumar MDS*

Abstract

Reconstruction of alveolar ridge deficiencies requires bone augmentation before implantplacement. Osseous defects occur as a result of trauma, prolonged edentulism, congenitalanomalies, periodontal disease, and infection, and they often require hard and soft tissuereconstruction. Autogenous bone grafts have been used for many years for ridge augmentationand are still considered the gold standard for jaw reconstruction. The use of autogenous bonegrafts with osseointegrated implants originally was discussed by Branemark[1] and colleagues, who often used the iliac crest as the donor site. Other external donor sites include calvarium, rib and tibia. For repair of most localized alveolar defects, however, block bone grafts fromthe symphysis and ramus buccal shelf offer advantages over iliac crest grafts, including closeproximity of donor and recipient sites, convenient surgical access, decreased donor sitemorbidity, and decreased cost. This article reviews indications, limitations, presurgical evaluation, surgical protocol, andcomplications associated with mandibular block autografts harvested from the symphysis andramus buccal shelf for alveolar ridge augmentation.

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