Abstract

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF SOLANUM TRILOBATUM L. - A NATIVE MEDICINAL PLANT

*Dr. Mariappan Senthilkumar

Abstract

In this study, phytochemical analysis in different solvent system of native medicinal plant Solanum trilobatum have revealed the presence of varying quantities of alkaloids, carbohydrate, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, polyphenols, tannins, terpenoids with absence of anthraquinones and steroids. These bioactive compounds together with the high antioxidant activities obtained in some species and the nutrient contents in all species may be responsible for their nutritional and therapeutic uses. The extract of this plant showed a significantly higher total phenol and flavonoid content. Phytochemical composition analysis yielded (g/100g) alkaloid, flavonoids and oligosaccharides. Thin layer chromatographic profiles yielded the different pattern of compound and as well as different Rf values. The thin layer chromatographic chromatogram was developed based on the compounds presence of each extracts. The number of bands and Rf values of each extracts and in suitable solvent systems. The ethanol extract of leaf showed four compounds (Rf = 0.31, 0.45, 0.67, 0.82) in Benzene: Ethanol: Acetone (8:1:1), (0.25, 0.51, 0.72, 0.86) in Benzene: Ethanol: Acetone (6:2:2) and (0.22, 0.45, 0.66, 0.79) in Benzene: Ethanol: Acetone (5:4:1) solvent systems respectively. Only three compounds were present In same solvent system, the ethyl acetate extract yielded three (Rf = 0.24, 0.43, 0.70), (0.31, 0.48, 0.78), (0.18, 0.37, 0.45) and two compounds (0.34, 0.56) respectively. The ethanol extract of fruit showed four compounds (0.31, 0.46, 0.65, 0.80) and (0.25, 0.48, 0.71, 0.91) respectively. Only three compounds were present (0.32, 0.49, 0.75) in ethanol extract analyzed with Benzene: Ethanol: Acetone (7:2:1) and (0.25, 0.48, 0.63) in ethanol extract analyzed with Benzene: Ethanol: Acetone (5:4:1). Similarly, two compounds (0.32, 0.69), (0.34, 0.58), (0.43, 0.70) and (0.45, 0.68) were yielded in chloroform extract of all four solvent systems and only one compound yielded in hexane extract (0.72), (0.60) (0.65) (0.70) respectively. The present findings support to the traditional knowledge of the medicinal plants to the local users and plants used as therapeutic agents for treat several diseases caused by the pathogenic bacterial populations. The aim of the present study is to determine the bioactive compounds presents in S. trilobatum.

Keywords: Medicinal Plants, Solanum trilobatum, Bioactive compounds, Thin layer chromatography.